Introduction vii

霸 ba.   “Hegemon.” 001

本 ben.   “Root, trunk.” 001

誠 cheng.   “Sincerity, with integrity, resolve, (co-)creativity.” 011

恥 chi.   “A sense of shame.” 015

道 dao.   “The proper way, way-making, dao.” 019

德 de.   “Moral virtuosity, excelling morally, virtuality.” 028

惡 e.   “Rudeness, uncouthness, nasty, ugly, unrefined, base.” 037

法 fa.   “Standards, norms, laws, models.” 038

和 he.   “Optimal harmony, optimizing symbiosis.” 040

幾 ji.   “Inchoate, incipient beginnings.” 052

祭 ji.   “Sacrificing, sacrifice.” 054

諫 jian.   “Remonstrating, remonstrance.” 057

兼愛 jian’ai.   “Inclusive care, inclusive concern.” 059

教 jiao.   “Teaching, education.” 061

精神 jingshen.   “Spirituality, vigor, vitality, mystery.” 067

敬 jing.   “Respecting, revering, seriousness.” 069

靜 jing.   “Sustained equilibrium.” 071

君子 junzi. “Exemplary persons, ruler, prince, lord.” 073

樂 le (also pronounced yao when transitive).   “Enjoyment, making the music of enjoyment.” 079

類 lei.   “Categories, groupings.” 082

禮 li.   “Ritual propriety in one’s roles and relations, ritual practices, ‘social grammar, rites, customs, etiquette, propriety, morals, rules of proper behavior, reverence’.” 085

理 li.   “Patterning, coherence.” 105

利 li.   “Benefitting, profiting, personal advantage.” 111

倫 lun.   “Order, relation, category, class.” 113

美 mei.   “Beautiful.” 116

民 min.   “The common people.” 118

命 ming.   “Commanding, ordering, command, mandate, the propensity of things, the force of circumstances.” 124

明 ming.   “Acuity, brilliance.” 128

名 ming.   “Naming, making a name for yourself, reputation.” 132

內外 neiwai.   “Inner and outer, inside and outside.” 136

氣 qi.   “Vital energy, qi.” 141

情 qing.   “Emotions, passions, feelings, the way things are, situation, circumstances.” 155

仁 ren.   “Consummate persons, consummate conduct.” 163

儒 ru.   “Confucianism, Ruism, scholar-teacher, literati tradition.” 181

善 shan.   “Felicity, efficacy, behaving well, auspicious conduct.” 186

上帝 shangdi.   “High god(s).” 192

神 shen.   “Heavenly gods, ancestors, spirituality, vigor, vitality, mystery.” 194

身 shen.   “Lived, social body.” 197

生 sheng.   “Living, growing, birthing.” 197

聖（人） sheng or shengren.   “Sage, sagacity.” 211

慎其獨 shenqidu.   “Internalizing and consolidating virtuosic conduct as one’s habituated disposition for action, being circumspect when dwelling alone.” 219

士 shi.   “Warrior, retainer, knight, scholar-official.” 223

勢 shi.   “Purchase, momentum, configuration.” 225

始 shi.   “Fetal beginning, natal beginning, genealogical beginning.” 238

恕 shu.   “Putting oneself in the other’s place, deference, empathy, dramatic rehearsal.” 248

術 shu.   “Techniques of rulership.” 257

思 si.   “Thinking, ref lecting.” 261

四端 siduan.   “The four inclinations.” 271

太極 taiji.   “The furthest reach.” 280

體 ti.   “Lived body, discursive body, embodying.” 283

天 tian.   “Tian, conventionally ‘Heaven’.” 291

天命 tianming. 299

天志 tianzhi.   “The purposes or intent of tian.” 299

體用 tiyong.   “Reforming and functioning, trans-form-ing.” 303

同 tong.   “Sameness, similarity.” 309

王 wang.   “King, True King.” 311

萬物 wanwu.   “The ten thousand things, the ten thousand processes or events, the myriad things or happenings.” 313

文 wen.   “The written word, patterns, culture, refinement, King Wen.” 315

文化 wenhua.   “Culture, enculturation.” 316

無 wu. 324

無極 wuji. 324

無爲 wuwei.   “Noncoercive acting.” 324

五行 wuxing.   “Five modes of virtuosic conduct, the five phases.” 330

象 xiang.  “Figuring, figuring out, configuring, figure, imaging, imagining, image.” 339

孝 xiao.   “Family reverence, filial piety.” 349

小人 xiaoren.   “Petty and mean persons.” 373

孝悌 xiaoti.   “Family reverence and fraternal deference.” 373

心 xin.   “Heartmind, bodyheartminding, thinking and feeling.” 373

信 xin.   “Making good on one’s word, living up to one’s word.” 380

性 xing.   “Natural human propensities.” 383

虛 xu.   “Emptiness.” 405

學 xue.   “Teaching and learning.” 406

易 yi.   “Changing, exchanging, ease.” 413

一 yi.   “One, uniqueness, continuity.” 414

義 yi.   “Optimal appropriateness, meaning.” 417

陰陽 yinyang.   “Yin and yang.” 427

勇 yong.   “Courage, bravery, vigor, vitality, boldness, fierceness.” 433

友 you.   “Friend, friendship.” 434

有無 youwu.   “Something and nothing, determinate and indeterminate, presence and absence.” 438

樂 yue.   “Music.” 446

正 zheng.   “Proper, acting properly.” 446

政 zheng.   “Proper governing, effecting sociopolitical order.” 448

正名 zhengming. “Using names properly.” 453

知/智 zhi.   “Living wisely, realizing, wisdom, knowing.” 463

志 zhi. 481

直 zhi. 481

質 zhi.   “Native temperament, raw stuff, basic disposition.” 481

自然 ziran.   “Self-so-ing, so-of-itself, spontaneity.” 485

中 zhong.   “Center, balance, focus, equilibrium.” 487

忠 zhong.   “Conscientiousness, doing one’s utmost, loyalty.” 489

中庸 zhongyong.   “Focusing the familiar, hitting the mark in the everyday, making the ordinary extraordinary.” 492

主客 zhuke.   “Subject and object, subjectivity and objectivity.” 493 

Bibliography of Earlier Glossaries 494

Bibliography of Works Cited 495

Acknowledgements 506